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Biography

Biography: MOZOM analyses with source attribution, context, interpretation and framing.

Biography

2 articles

Empress Dowager Cixi sits in richly embroidered Qing court robes among pearls, jade and red-lacquered palace columns, photorealistic historical AI image.
Paleismuseum Beijing, Smithsonian, Library of Congress, Cambridge University Press en diplomatieke archieven 5 augustus 2026 om 21:30

Cixi: the empress dowager behind the curtain who lost China or tried to save it

In 1903, Empress Dowager Cixi sat in front of a camera in her palace. She wore precious silks, pearls and a huge Manchu headdress; apples, bronze vessels and signs of longevity were carefully placed around her. The image was meant to show more than splendor. After war, foreign occupation and a damaged reputation, China's most powerful woman wanted to determine how the world saw her. Behind that staged portrait lay an extraordinary life: from a teenager without a political position of her own to the woman who ruled the Qing dynasty behind a curtain for almost half a century.

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Realistic editorial AI image of Puyi in imperial garb, with the Forbidden City, Manchukuo, captivity and his later civilian life behind him.
Paleismuseum Beijing, Volkenbond, Tokyo-tribunaal, Chinese CPPCC en academisch onderzoek 5 augustus 2026 om 12:04

Puyi: From Son of Heaven to Prisoner of History

At the age of two, Puyi was taken from his parents' home and placed on the Dragon Throne. Millions of subjects had to see in him the Son of Heaven, while he himself hardly understood why adults knelt before him. Nearly sixty years later, the same man was living as a civilian in communist Beijing. Between those two images lies no fairy tale about lost splendor, but an uncomfortable story about a person who was used by almost every regime and who at the same time made choices for which others paid the price.

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